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Abstract

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Sleepsex About sleepsex | Contact | Share your experience
| Participate in research
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Note: This is not a commercial Web site. Donations help pay for its
publication.
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Sexual behavior in sleep (SBS)
Sleepsex, "sleep sex" or "sexsomnia" or "SBS" is sexual behavior
that occurs during sleep. Some people seem to enjoy it and view it
with a sense of humor. However, it can be disturbing, annoying,
embarrassing and is a potentially serious problem for some couples
and individuals.

"This week my fiance awoke me four times during the night. He put
his hands down my panties and started stroking my vagina and my
rectum. He groped my breasts. Both of these activities are things he
normally would do during sex - the nature of the touching didn't
seem out of character. I assumed he was making overtures and pushed
him away. An hour or so later, it would start again. The third time,
when I pushed him away he asked, "Am I bugging you?" The fourth time
it happened I got out of bed and went to the couch. I was furious. I
felt violated and like a piece of property. He is an intimate
sleeper always but this has never happened before. He swears he has
absolutely no recall. We have had some trust issues in the past so
this is particularly difficult for me to believe. I did a reality
check with some friends and they think it's sheer nonsense that he
does not remember anything. However, when I went to your site I
started to doubt their counsel and my own instincts. My fiance does
have a history of sleepwalking and bedwetting as a child. He told me
once that he made love to his first wife (20 years ago) and had no
recall of the experience. He has also told me in the past that
sometimes he wakes up and he is sleeping with his arm straight up in
the air. I feel like I am going crazy. I was married to a compulsive
liar and am terrified of making that mistake again. On the other
hand, if he is telling the truth I feel horrid for falsely accusing
him of lying. I am ready to end this relationship, which will be
devastating for all of us. If you have any insight into this
episode, I would very much appreciate it."
"I noticed your site on the internet off of a link from MSN.COM. Me
and my fiance are experiencing a problem with sleep sex. Most nights
that she falls asleep for a few hours she starts moaning and soon is
masturbating and acting out sexual acts in her sleep. She has spoke
to her doctor and he doesn't seem to think anything serious about
it. She was put on an antipsychotic pill that only seemed to change
the pattern for a couple weeks and then she went back to her usual
sleep sex. She discontinued the pill at this point. If you can offer
any suggestions or help it would be greatly appreciated."

"Me and my wife have been having a very difficult time since our
marriage began four years ago. At night I become a very aggressive
person in bed only to awake to a horrified wife that knows all to
well what I have on my mind. It is only when she awakes that I
realize what is going on. I do have a very difficult time at night
sleeping. I get up every night. She has been so patient with me
until recently the unwanted sex has become more aggressive. Our
marriage is on the brink of divorce because of this obsession. She
brought in an article that explains sleep sex! I read this and to my
surprise I am astonished at what I was reading. I am looking a
mirror image of what is happening to me. Is this just a convenient
excuse for men with a sex obsession? If there is more information
about sleep sex I would really like to know. I am in desperate need
of answers to the question of what is going on."

"We are in a very awful dilemma. My husband has sleep sex. He had
done this for years with his previous girlfriend. Anyway, his
stepdaughter from the other woman claims that when she spent the
night my husband was touching her inappropriately. When the police
questioned him yesterday he had to admit to that problem that he has
done all his life and he said he did not know if he had done
anything to the girl. He hoped to god not. My husband is the
greatest man and this thing doesn't bother me when it is between us.
We will be seeing an attorney. I know my husband and he would not do
this. But he is scared if he did."

As early as 1996, (Shapiro, Fedoroff and Trajanovic, 1996) SBS was
identified as a medical condition that may place one at risk of
being accused of sexual assault. Thus, if a person is aware of their
SBS and takes it seriously, this knowledge may carry with it some
accountability for not taking actions to prevent sexual misconduct.

SBS is listed in the most current (revised) edition of the
International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-2), which is
the diagnostic manual used by sleep medicine practitioners to make
diagnoses. Although it is recognized as a sub-type of parasomnia,
"sexsomnia" is not included as a particular type of sleep disorder
with its own diagnosis.

SBS is mentioned in the ICSD-2 and recent medical research suggests
sexual behavior in sleep is a distinct form of sleep-related
behavior in the class "parasomnia" (Shapiro et al, 1996; 2003;
Schenck & Mahowald, 2005). Over the past five years information in
the popular realm has become available (e.g., articles have appeared
in Cosmopolitan, Redbook, Details, Newsweek). A Web search will
yield a number of information sources. However, the community of
legal and health professionals and the lay public remain largely "in
the dark" when it comes to SBS and its clinical and forensic
implcations.

In fact, when one discovers their own SBS, usually after being
informed about their behavior by a bed partner, they themselves are
unlikely to believe that could behave in such a fashion. Often this
is a source of conflict in couples as it is embarrassing to accept
it as fact. Even when one reports another's (that is, a person
complains he/she has been fondled, etc., by a person who clearly
appeared to be asleep), to a friend or health care provider in an
attempt to try to get some support and to encourage their partner to
treat his/her SBS, these persons cannot expect others to believe
that they have experienced unwanted sexual contact initiated by a
sleeping individual.

At present most people know that people walk, talk and eat in their
sleep. That sexual behavior also occurs in sleep is not, at present,
common knowledge. With increasing media and academic interest in
this phenomenon, this will likely change.

If you are experiencing problematic sexual behavior in sleep, find a
sleep center and speak with a qualified sleep expert.

References
* Schenck, C.H., Mahowald, M.W. (2005). Rapid eye movement and
non-REM sleep parasomnias. Primary Psychiatry, 12(8), 67-74.
* Shapiro, C.M., Fedoroff, J.P., & Trajanovic, N.N. (1996). Sexual
behavior in sleep: A newly described parasomnia. Sleep Research,
25, 367.
* Shapiro, C.M., Trajanovic, N.N., & Fedoroff, J.P. (2003) Sexsomnia:
A new parasomnia? Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 48(5), 311-317.
_______________________________________________________________
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Scientific research on sexsomnia (SBS) [last updated: 9-19-08]
If you have ever experienced SBS, please tell us about it! [click
here]. Your story is important and will contribute to my ongoing
research into this disorder. All submissions are entirely anonymous.

1996: Shapiro, Fedoroff and Trajanovic first advanced the notion
that sexual behavior during sleep may be a new type of "parasomnia."
Shapiro, C.M., Fedoroff, J.P., & Trajanovic, N.N. (1996). Sexual
behavior in sleep: A newly described parasomnia. Sleep Research, 25,
367.

1998: Some experts later suggested that SBS may be a variant of
sleepwalking. Rosenfeld, D. S., Elhajjar, A. J. (1998). Sleepsex: A
variant of sleepwalking. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 27(3) ,
269-278.

1999: Brazilian researchers (Download article PDF) showed that
sexual behavior in sleep can be successfully "treated"
pharmacologically. Alves R, Aloe F, Tavares S, Vidrio S, Yanez L,
Aguilar-Roblero R, Rosenthal L, Villalobos L, Fernandez-Cancino F,
Drucker-Colin R, Chagoya De Sanchez V. (1999). Sexual behavior in
sleep, sleepwalking and possible REM behavior disorder: a case
report. Sleep Res Online, 2(3), 71-2.

2002: Researchers at Stanford University suggested that "violent" or
problematic forms of sleepsex are a medically treatable
"conditions." Guilleminault C, Moscovitch A, Yuen K, Poyares D.
(2002). Atypical sexual behavior during sleep. Psychosom Med. 64(2),
328-36.

2003: The research suggests sleepsex, or "sexsomnia" can be
distinguished from all known parasomnias and thus is likely to be a
distinct clinical entity. (Download article PDF) Shapiro, C.M.,
Trajanovic, N.N., & Fedoroff, J.P. (2003) Sexsomnia: A new
parasomnia? Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 48(5), 311-317.

2004: Paper presents first systematic examination of the
phenomenology of problematic sexual behavior occuring in sleep.
Mangan, M.A. (2004). A phenomenology of problematic sexual behavior
occurring in sleep. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 33(3), 287-93.

2005: Paper describes parasomnias and their importance to
psychiatry. The authors indicate sexual behavior, along with other
types of automatisms, can be expected to occur in cases of
parasomnia. Schenck, C.H., Mahowald, M.W. (2005). Rapid eye movement
and non-REM sleep parasomnias. Primary Psychiatry, 12(8), 67-74.

2007: Paper reviews academic literature concerning sexual behavior
in sleep. Authors' conclude: "A broad range of sleep-related
disorders associated with abnormal sexual behaviors and experiences
exists, with major clinical and forensic consequences." Schenck,
C.H., Arnulf, I., Mahowald, M.W. (2007). Sleep and Sex: What can go
wrong? A review of the literature on sleep-related disorders and
abnormal sexual behaviors and experiences. Sleep, 30(6), 677-686.

2007: Paper reviews the literature on sexual behavior in sleep
comparing samples sizes of clinical versus Web-based research. The
advantages and disadvantages of Web-based research on sexsomnia are
discussed. Mangan, M., & Reips, U. D. (2007) Sleep, sex, and the
Web: Surveying the difficult-to-reach clinical population suffering
from sexsomnia. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 233-236.

2007: Paper discusses the results of a Web-based survery of persons
with direct experience of sexual behavior in sleep. Among the
findings were that bodily contact is a commonly reported trigger for
episodes. Trajanovic, N. N.; Mangan M., Shapiro C. M. (2007). Sexual
behaviour in sleep: an Internet survey. Social Psychiatry and
Psychiatric Epidemiology, 42(12):1024-31.
_______________________________________________________________

Is there a clinical diagnosis for sexsomnia (SBS)?

Sexsomnia is not presently included in the American Academy of Sleep
Medicine's Diagnostic and Coding Manual/International Classification
of Sleep Disorders (ICSD) as a specific sleep disorder. Nor is it in
the most recent edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
the American Psychiatric Association (a manual used to clinically
diagnose psychiatric conditions).

However, the ICSD, the most widely used classification of sleep
disorders, does discuss sexual behavior in sleep as a variant of an
existing sleep disorder known a "confusional arousals." It is
recognized by leaders in sleep medicine as something that can and
does occur in some people.

Many people for whom sexsomnia has become problematic are too
embarrassed to seek help because they think no one will believe
them. I have received many reports from individuals who have sought
the help of physicians, counselors, and psychologists only to have
their complaints dismissed. Why? Because many professionals are
uninformed about sexsomnia. If SBS has become problematic for you, I
suggest printing copies of the research abstracts (linked above)
prior to seeking help. Bring them with you when you seek help from a
sleep medicine specialist, physician or other professionals
(including clergy).
_______________________________________________________________

SBS Publications
Sleepsex Uncovered
Free eBook (PDF) Version If you do not have it already, you will
need Adobe Reader to read the eBook.
Print Version: US $17.84 Buy it at Xlibris

In Sleepsex: Uncovered (2001), Michael Mangan, Ph.D. sheds light on
questions about sleepsex such as, "How many people 'have' sleepsex?"
"What causes it?" "What can be done about it if it is a problem?"
"What are the legal implications of sleepsex?" In plain language,
the author summarizes what sleep experts have written on sleepsex,
and provides a etailed and thoughtful analysis first-hand
experiences of sleepsex. Dr. Mangan's analysis reveals what direct
experience with sleepsex is like and how it affects those
involved. (Note: As this book was published in 2001, please see
links above for most recent research.)
"Your book will be of great value to the general public, patients,
sleep medicine professionals, and to the legal profession. Nice
job." Mark Mahowald, M.D., Prof. of Neurology, University of
Minnesota Medical School, Director of the Minnesota Regional Sleep
Disorders Center.

"Thank you so much for sending your book to me. I have used it
already in teaching our residents about the topic of parasomnias. I
am delighted to have it as a reference as this is an area on which I
frequently get consulted by defense attorneys and have already given
one such person your name and how to find a copy of the book. We
have had a few of these cases here at Rush. I must admit that on the
first one I missed cold and had no help to offer until I realized
that this was part of the same picture as the other parasomnias. The
book is certainly valuable in filling the niche for the legal
profession and for sleep medicine and for sleep clinicians to whom
such patients refer themselves for help." Rosalind Cartwright Ph.D.,
Prof. of Psychology, Chair of the Department of Psychology, Director
of the Sleep Disorder Service and Research Center
Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Rush University

Thank you for sending me a copy of your book. I think it will be
quite useful for laypersons suffering from this disorder. Thanks
again for sending me a copy. David S. Rosenfeld, M.D., Neurologist
and Sleep Medicine Specialist, Los Angeles Kaiser-Permanente Medical
Center

"Thanks for sending me your book. I enjoyed reading it, especially
because it includes so many first-hand accounts. The use of the
Internet to collect data is original. I would interpret all of these
accounts as sleep-wake dissociations akin to sleep walking, sleep
talking, and nocturnal eating." J. Allan Hobson, M.D., Prof. of
Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School
_______________________________________________________________

Links

American Academy of Sleep Medicine The Sleep Medicine Homepage
Talk About Sleep Sleepnet
Sexsomnia
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Disclaimer: This site has been established for the sole purpose of
disseminating information about sleepsex/sexsomnia. Any information
found on the site should not be construed as constituting medical
advice. Advice about sexual behavior during sleep or any related
problems should be sought from a physician or other qualified
medical/health professional.

Site maintained and edited by: Michael Mangan, Ph.D.

Contact: sleepsex

Copyright � 2000 Sleepsex. All rights reserved. No part of this
electronic publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system
or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
recording or otherwise, without the written permission of the authors.

End of Abstract

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